Seraglio: An analysis

Seraglio: An analysis ‘Seraglio centers on a fundamental mystery: the complexities of a husband and wifes relationship. The barrier that they experience between them is further emphasized through being from two different cultures, which is portrayed as almost being from two different worlds, ‘close but not touching, like two continents, each with its own customs and history, between which there is no bridge. It is evident that Swift sets this barrier from the start as his interesting choice of title refers to a room where the women are kept secluded from the men. The narration is in first person singular and is enhanced by the main protagonist the husband. The exotic setting which the characters are indulged in, contrasts deeply with the dark events that have the taken place in their lives; the husbands affair, his wifes miscarriage, the misfortune of not being able to have children in the future and the ways in which they try to mentally escape from these woes. Cosmic irony is common in Swifts work as his characters are hardly ever happy, and when they are, the feeling is almost alien to them. ‘Seraglio seems to defy the common story structure as there is no solution to the predicaments the characters face. The husband as a flat character means he has no function other than to provide us with the narrative, which is useful to us as readers when interpreting the essentials of the story. Swifts preservation of names and detail of the characters lives evokes further curiosity in the reader, proposing a desire for us to learn more about the characters. In comparison, if we look at swift himself, the Telegraph states ‘No contemporary author is such a closed book, indicating that his characters may be mirroring himself. In contrast to the lack in detail of the characters, Swift is quite descriptive when illustrating the city, possibly to indulge the readers attention further into the story. When it comes to the husbands personal life such as his current marriage, he makes more use of narrative passages, leaving the reader to dig in further for clues about the couple. It is as if Swift uses these narrative passages as a device for the author to piece certain things together, including the sensitivity of the couples relationship and the feelings associated. In ‘A Family Man, Pritchett narrates in third person whilst introducing to us the main protagonist Berenice, a woman who is involved in a ‘piquant affair with William Cork. We sense that it is on the verge of being discovered when Florence (Mrs. Cork) enters the story, ‘a large ponderous woman who immediately grips the readers attention due to this presentation of her. Initially, the reader is drawn to her size, but later it is who she really is that keeps us drawn to her further. Pritchett also injects curiosity into the story when describing how one character is towards the other, in this case, Berenice with Florence as the reader is stepping into her shoes and experiencing what she feels and how she reacts. The author uses her as a tool to aid us in interpreting this, as we are placed only in her shoes. Pritchett makes this easier for us as we read of Berenices character from a third person limited point of view. The tension is soon created when Florence reveals herself to be Mrs. Cork, the wife of William Cork, and continues to mount throughout the story as we observe how the two characters react with each other. Pritchett presents to us the two women meeting for the first time, at first humble towards each other but eventually confrontational, ‘Is that what he has been stuffing you up with? I know what you and he are up to. Florence is indefinite about the affair, however the reader knows completely well that it occurred, indicating elements of dramatic irony within the story. However, we are also left in the dark as much as Florence is when it comes to knowing the precise details of the affair (for example when it started), creating further suspense and mystery. Berenice is a dynamic character, in that she lies to Florence and changes her story to get around the difficult situation she finds herself in. We see another side to her, especially as Pritchett states in the beginning, ‘She had been brought up by Quakers and thought it wrong to tell or act a lie. This affirmation completely contradicts what she does later, creating a complex in her character. She encounters conflict and transforms as a result of it. On the other hand, Florence serves as a flat character as there are no multidimensional traits in her personality. Also, she is readily recognized as the adulterers wife, making her a stock character. Evidently, Prichett may have placed her there to bring out the multidimensional traits in Benerice. The other flat character in the story is Mrs. Brewster, whos involvement in the novel is minimal, but her importance is great. It is through her words that we view (for the first time) another outlook on Benerice. After thinking Benerice would have learnt her lesson in regard to nearly getting caught by Mrs. Cork, Benerice visits another couple and we see elements of a flirty nature through Mrs. Brewsters view of her, ‘She ought to get married†¦I wish she wouldnt swoosh her hair around like that. Through this ironic ending, Pritchett is almost alluding to a possible recurrence of another affair with a married man (Mrs. Brewsters husband?), which presents the reader with a whole new series of events to look forward to. ‘The Prophets Hair portrays a family from the valley of Kashmir who are broken by a strand of the Muslim prophet Mohammeds hair. This story is full of overtones, regarding the effects of religion on others, and the way in which corruption is associated with money. Ultimately, Rushdie highlights two strong forces within our society: money and religion, and how they conflict with each other. In the end, the hair itself raises this point through the way it affects each character; the materialistic Hashim family and Sheikh Sin the thief who craves jewels, who all perish eventually. The opening of the story is filled with overtones of religion and money, which are emphasized from the start as we learn that Hashim is a ‘money-lender and ‘not a godly man. From the beginning we are informed that Hashim sees value in nothing else but money. Also, on discovering the religious trinket, Hashim immediately thinks of ‘American millionaires who buy stolen paintings and hide them away, which may suggest one of his thought processes of wanting to sell the phial in future. Hashim is a dynamic character and Rushdie demonstrates extreme contrasts and complexities in his character: the protagonist starts off as an atheist then transforms into (what he thinks) a deeply religious individual (even though he continues to beat others and has sinned to his wife), imposing strict religious acts onto his family. His character also becomes dislikeable to the audience after the effects of the Prophets hair. On discovering the find, he does not do the honorable thing of returning it to the shine. The reader expects this as we learnt in the beginning that ‘he set great store by ‘living honorably in the world, however, his actions were not honorable and resemble that of a thief. In contrast to Hashim, Atta is a flat character in that he does not undergo any change throughout the course of the story. Rushdie may have used him as a device to enhance the plot as he is at one point involved in removing the religious trinket from the home, and also represents the familys wealth in the opening scene. He also wakes up Hashim in the end, causing a series of unfortunate events to unfold.Huma is one of the main protagonists alongside her father, who also enhances the plot (perhaps more than Atta) as she introduces Sheikh Sin to the situation. She evokes pathos in the reader, and we can empathize with her more than Atta, as she is victimized by her father for no reason, whereas in the beginning Atta lands himself in trouble when looking for a thief, which the reader may interpret as foolish behavior. Other round characters include Sheikh Sin and his wife. She is a round character as she evokes interest in the reader in regards to how she got her vision back when her husband was killed.Rushdies use of symbolism is extensive throughout the story. I believe the religious trinket may symbolize the two elements of corruption involved in our society, folded into one. The phial has a monetary value whilst the hair contains great spiritual value. To attain the prophets hair is selfish and wrong, but the monetary value of the phial is greatly desired by all, possibly symbolizing that these two elements are not compatible with each other. Fiona Richards from the University of Leeds also states, ‘It illustrates the extent to which the icons meaning is determined by the context in which it is placed, and its ability to subvert and destabilize the limits placed upon its meaning by such a framing. Rushdie also prepares the reader with the series of events that are to occur, ‘the glassy contentment of that house hold, of that life of porcelain delicacy and alabaster sensibilities, was to be shattered beyond all hope of repair, indulging the readers interest further. Rushdie also induces cultural references through his use of words from the Kashmiri language, such as ‘kukri knives and ‘shikara. This gives the reader an insight into the culture by revealing to us different Kashmiri words. He is slightly expanding our knowledge of the Kashmiri culture here. ‘The Prophets Hair ends ironically, as the religious trinket aids poor Sheikh Sins wife and disabled children but destroys the wealthy Hashim and his family. In the end, it only worked for those who truly needed it. Weldons Weekend presents the habitual and normality of a standard middle class family, and the pressures that the main protagonist Martha faces. Weldon, who is a feminist also challenges conventional feminism here. The story is illustrated from an omniscient point of view, as Martha and at times Martins thoughts are revealed to the reader. The author portrays Martha as a perfect, loyal and hard-working wife, but her efforts are unappreciated by her dominating husband Martin, who she tries hard to please but (sometimes) gets stern looks from him. As the story follows, it is evident that Marthas daily struggle of being the perfect mother to her kids, keeping life organized and maintaining Martins satisfaction has had an effect on her mind state, to an extent that her thoughts have been tormented by fear and paranoia, ‘You dont want his secretary providing a passion you neglected to develop. Do you? The presence of Katie (Collins new wife after Janet) may also trigger Marthas paranoia as she represents what Martin could have after Martha. In her desperation to please Martin, Martha also changes her thoughts and ways to match that of Martins, ‘No such thing as an accident. Accidents are Freudian slips: they are wilful, bad tempered things. Although it appears as Martha is speaking, this is actually something Martin may have conditioned her to think. Her own thoughts have transformed to reflect Martins. The story contains heavy themes of gender stereotype and gender inequality. Weldon alludes to this when talking about the cars; Martin has a posh ‘sports car whilst Martha drives ‘an old estate car. Also, the reader can notice that Martin tends to do the ‘manly jobs such as driving and lighting the fire, whereas Martha cooks and cleans. Predominately, Martin is the dominant force in the story and Martha is the secondary force, who is threatened. Martha is also associated with further negative connotations, such as complaining too much, being paranoid and dull, and at times slow. This could represent the modern attitudes of housewives as they dont work but stay at home all day. This idea is further emphasized when we see elements of quoted dialogue from Martin. He mainly speaks in imperatives to her, ‘You shouldnt have bought it so ripe, Martha ‘Be honest now!This creates tension in the reader as one may get tired of hearing demand after demand. This also enables us to experience the restlessness Martha may feel. Martha contrasts to Katie, who is childlike in stature and also in manner, as Martha cannot trust her in the kitchen. She can also be viewed as being more independent than Katie, as Katie is ‘in [her] mid thirties with nothing at all to her name, neither husband, nor children, nor property. However, in the story it is almost as if Martha feels threatened by Katie because Martin states that she is ‘exciting and ‘wonderful and has restored Collins youth. Weldon cleverly reveals to the reader Collin and Janets past relationship to symbolize what could occur if Martin was not satisfied with Martha; he could find someone like Katie who is more extrovert and relaxed, and who could ‘bring out the youth in him. We learn that Janet was also ‘dull and quieter than her husband just as Martha is.The ending can be viewed as either being pessimistic or optimistic. Is it that Jenny has motherhood, marriage and friendship to look forward to? Or are these the things that she will find hard to embrace? In the end, Weldon leaves the reader to assume their own opinions. The story of Philomela is told in first person narrative, and it is Philomelas sister Procne who narrates the story. This contradicts the readers expectations as the title is ‘Philomela, so initially, we expect the story to be from from her point of view. Procne narrates in a cold and firm tone throughout the story, which creates more pathos without any extra detail being needed to create this mood.The reader cannot help but notice comparisons with Ovids tale of Philomela as it is a much more detailed version, providing an elaborate account of Philomelas suffering. On the other hand Tennant has cleverly condensed her version of the story, leaving the reader to conjure up thoughts about what might have happened themselves. On killing her son, the reader can still empathise with Procne when she states, ‘Years and years will pass, and these minutes will still be longer than them all. Every hour will be made up out of them. Although she keeps an unemotional tone during this scene, Tennant still informs the reader that this tragedy will never escape her mind, engaging our sympathies with her. Tennants use of symbolism is reflected through the birds in the story, ‘I moped, like the birds my children bring back when they go out for a walk. Procne associates herself with these birds, and this association may allude to the women of that era who werent allowed to speak out, who didnt have a voice. The absence of Philomela has led the grief-stricken Procne to isolate herself, and it is the sound of birds that is the only thing which keeps her content, ‘It was summer, and birds were singing in the thicket of olives. This could perhaps forshadow the events that are to occur, as the birds are the only thing which give her hope and also represent the voiceless women, particularly Philomela who will give her the power to avenge later. Procne turns from a grief-stricken sister to a murderer and an avenger. These complexities in her character cause her to be a dynamic one. Philomela is also a dynamic character as she encounters conflict and is changed by it. She also introduces and enhances the plot. She evokes the anger and hostility needed towards her husband in order to carry out the revenge, ‘She reached my side and took my hand so I could rise with new strength. On the other hand, Tereus is a flat character because he has no other function other than to serve as a villain in the story, who offers to take Philomela to Thrace but then rapes her.Isyth is a flat character as he has no major involvement in the story apart from being served on a plate to his father and used as part of revenge. Procne constantly describes Philomelas physical features, ‘I watched her all the time- for signs of happiness, or discontent, or simply to see what her eyes would say to me. Her eyes which speak their own language provide the reader with an insight into how she feels, as this is the only way we can understand her. References Books Bradbury, Malcom (1988), The Penguin Book of Modern British Short Stories, Penguin Books Internet Sources Malcom, David (2003), Understanding Graham Swift [Online] University of South Carolina http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=EttQoAGfCcsCpg=RA1-PA72lpg=RA1-PA72dq=criticism+on+seraglio+by+graham+swiftsource=blots=s3rfxl9fbvsig=3LdeVZlPHVfNg2 02fSIWzw2dHchl=enei=lWWJS4P2H4n60wSF0p3UCwsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=4ved=0CA4Q6AEwAw#v=onepageq=f=false[Accessed: 25/02/10] KCS,(2007) Analysis: Rushdies The Prophets Hair [Online] http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/226858/analysis_rushdies_the_prophets_hair.html[Accessed: 10/01/10] Richards, Fiona The Desecrated Shrine: Movable Icons and Literary Irreverence in Salman Rushdies ‘The Prophets Hair [Online] University of Leeds http://www.soas.ac.uk/soaslit/issue2/RICHARDS.PDF[Accessed: 25/02/10] Marks, Tracey (2000), Philomela in Ovids Metamorphoses [Online] Ancient Sites Communityonline discussions on Greek and Roman mythologyhttp://www.webwinds.com/thalassa/philomela.htm[Accessed: 25/02/10] Gradua Networks (1995-2009) A Family Man by V.S. Pritchett: How the writer makes the story interesting and entertaining [Online]http://www.cheathouse.com/essay/essay_view.php?p_essay_id=103107#ixzz0gmm2K9D7http://www.cheathouse.com/essay/essay_view.php?p_essay_id=103107[Accessed: 18/12/09]

Poland Unemployment Rate Essay

Current : Poland’s unemployment rate climbed to 13.4 percent in December, from 12.9 percent the previous month, due to an economic slowdown and a seasonal loss of many outdoor jobs. The Main Statistical Office said Thursday that some 2.14 million people in this nation of 38 million were without a job at the end of December. Unemployment usually rises in Poland in winter, when outdoor jobs are lost due to snow and low temperatures. Additionally, Europe’s economic jitters have affected Poland, where growth is expected to slow to about 1.5 percent this year, from an estimated 2.3 percent in 2012 and 4.3 percent in 2011. Some industries, such as car manufacturing, have been hit by massive layoffs and more jobs are to be lost this year. History: Unemployment is one of the most serious economic and social problems in Poland. The unemployment rate has been growing successively in the recent years: in 1998 it was 10.6 %, and in 2002 almost 20%. That unfavorable trend changed in 2003. The biggest drop of the unemployment rate took place, however, in 2006 when the unemployment rate fell below 15%, reaching 8.9% in September 2008. It was the effect of an economic boom which brought more work offers and the growth of the number of working persons. In January 2012 the unemployment rate amounted to 13.2%. In an analogous period of the previous year the unemployment rate amounted to 13.1%. The characteristic feature of unemployment in Poland is its regional diversification, for example, in the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship the unemployment rate in January 2012 was 9.8%, and in the WarmiÅ„sko-Mazurskie Voivodeship – 21.1%. Problems with finding a job are experienced by young people, women and the long-term (over a year) unemployed. Public Employment Services (the network of voivodeship and poviat labour offices) are there to help and give advice to the unemployed and persons who look for a job in order to get an appropriate employment and to employers to find appropriate employees. Therefore, employment services provide a range of services, including: job agency, professional agency or help in active job seeking. Labour offices also carry out various programmes which support local or regional labour markets, register the unemployed and persons looking for a job, pay unemployment benefits, organise trainings in order to give the unemployed greater chances to find a job. The unemployed can take part in various activities which facilitate their professional activation, inter alia, intervention works, traineeship, on-the-job training, training loans, trainings or support for business activity. As of 1 May 2004 Polish Public Employment Services became the member of the European Employment Services – EURES. Labour offices carry out activities for EURES, especially, international employment agency along with advisory in the field of earning mobility on the European labour market. Having a little knowledge about unemployment, especially in the country that we are going to work, is useful for each of us. Sooner or later, we will have to think about it while looking for a job or changing it. When unemployment is low we have more chances to catch a good job, when not it is success when we catch any. Unemployment is one of the most important economic and social problem in Poland because in recent years, the unemployment rate has been steadily rising. During communism the official unemployment level was less than 1%, but some economists estimated that the hidden unemployment in state-ruled companies was about 50%. That mean that typically two people were doing a job which could be done by one person. Because of political and economic transformation (from a centrally planned economic model, to a free market system) after 1989 unemployment start to rising rapidly. In 1990 it was 6.1% and in 2002 already 20% (the highest unemployment rate historically). This unfavourable trend was reversed in 2004. The largest drop in unemployment, however, has been taking place since 2006, when the unemployment rate declined below 15%, reaching 9,5% in 2008 ( the lowest unemployment rate). This was due to the economic upward trend which produced more job offers and more active people. Because of financial crisis, in 2009, the unemployment rate increased to nearly 12% and to 12,8 in 2010. According to the newest statistics Poland’s registered unemployment rate rose to 13.2 percent in February from 13 percent the previous month. Unfortunately, is also higher than year ago. Labour Minister Jolanta Fedak thinks that the numbers are not too disturbing, however. She said that „The rise in unemployment is seasonal. It’s difficult to judge now [if the trend will remain]. We need to wait until the spring to find out,† She also predict lower unemployment rate at the end of this year but everything will depend on Poland’s economic growth in 2011. As you can see in the chart seasonal unemployment is characteristic feature in polish unemployment. It is connected with fluctuations of the weather and seasons. For example, in winter there is a high unemployment especially in tourist industry, building industry or agriculture. Unemployment in Poland is characterised by: Geographical differentiation: A strong differentiation is observed in the unemployment rates for various parts of Poland, with the highest unemployment rate for a single region standing at more than twice the figure of the lowest. e.g. in the WarmiÅ„sko – Mazurskie voivodeship the unemployment rate in February 2011 was 21, 5 while in the voivodeship Mazowieckie – 10%. The highest unemployment rates are primarily seen in regions dominated by the agriculture, mining and manufacturing industries. Unemployment rate by voivodships (at the end of February 2011). Selectivity: Polish unemployment is, first of all, is a problem of young people (below 35 years of age). According to Eurostat data 24,9% among unemployed people are young. It is because young people have often no experience on the job market, their qualifications are incompatible with employers demandings and they are not flexible enough. Difficulties with finding a job are also experienced by women and people over 50 years. People of this last group spent at least half of their life under the communist system so they are not well adjusted to the capitalist system. They are unwilling or they do not have a chance to re-educate and move from their home to the areas where more jobs are available. Unemployment among young people in Europe Period of unemployment: unemployment in Poland tends to be of a structural or long-term nature. As we can see in the chart there are 34% of unemployed who cannot find a job above 12 months. This in turn has an impact on the health and well being of large segments of society. The forecasts predict that joblessness in Poland will stand at 9.9 per cent by the end of 2011, before steadily declining to 8.6 per cent by the end of 2012 and to 7,3 at the end of 2013.

Where does Hitlers Hate Come From - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 474 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/08/07 Category People Essay Level High school Topics: Adolf Hitler Essay Did you like this example? WWII, was one of the worst events to happen in all of human history, Adolf Hitler was the reason for the counted death toll of six million jews. But, why? where was all of Hitlers hatred coming from? And When did it start? A mysterious question that nobody couldnt clearly answer, but from certain events in Adolfs timeline, we can conclude that question in a variety of theories from historians and investigators far and wide. The Physician, with a dose of Vengeance? If Hitler got his hatred for a whole race, couldve that happen from a encounter with a jewish person? Meet Dr. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Where does Hitlers Hate Come From?" essay for you Create order Bloch. Dr. Bloch was a jewish physician who actually, took care of Adolf Hitlers Mother, Klara Hitler. Dr. Bloch really cared for Klara Hitler and her family, since she was diagnosed with breast cancer, Dr. Bloch took care of her for months. Dr. Bloch attempted to cure her with a experimental medication for a long time. but, the medication never cured her, but actually left her in excruciating pain. In the essay Why Did Adolf Hitler Hate the Jews? By David D. Green, it states Certainly at the conscious level, Hitler did not hold Bloch responsible for his mothers suffering. After her death, he actually wrote to Dr. Bloch thanking him for his devoted care. Three decades later, in post-Anschluss Austria in 1938, when Bloch wrote to the chancellor asking for help, Hitler arranged for him to be spared the harsh measures being taken against Jews until he could make arrangements to emigrate to the United States, where he died in 1945. so this means that Hitler couldve hated the jews because of this. But logically it really wouldnt make sense because of how he treated Dr. Bloch after her deat h. WWI, Was the reason to blame? After WWI, Adolf Hitler changed his views on many things after the Germanys lost in the war. The german soldiers didnt want to accept failure, in the essay Why did Hitler hate the Jews?, By Anne Frank House, it states like many other German soldiers â€Å" found it hard to accept the defeat of the German Empire. Many nationalists and conservatives believed that Germany had not lost the war on the battlefield but due to betrayal stating that, they belived that they were stabbed in the back by the communists, and the, of course. The jews, it states by a stab in the back. Socialists, communists and particularly Jews were blamed, even though more than 100,000 German and Austrian Jews had served in the war and 12,000 had been killed this is very good evidence for a theory. For this is indeed very reasonable for a theory. So in conclusion, we cant really see a full answer for any of his reasonings. But theres only so much we can learn about him and his past because of these theories.

The National Health Service Breast Screening Programme

The National Health Service Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP) was started in 1987 as a result of a working group of Chief Medical Officers of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The report put forward recommendations, for screening women aged 50-70 for breast cancer, indicating that the best way to reduce mortality from the disease, is to detect it before symptoms develop. This is job of NHSBSP. (Forrest 1986) The age of women being called for screening has been extended to women aged 47-49 and 71-73 this is a randomised control trial (RCT), selecting women randomly in some areas. The trial is evaluating the net effects of extending the age range for breast screening. This means that all women will get two extra screening invitations in their lifetime. It also means that all women will get their first screening invitation by their 50th birthday. (Age extension 2013) In the United Kingdom there are a list of diseases that meet the criteria for screening programs. 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